H5307. naphal

נָפַל‎₄₃₃ verb fall, lie (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, נְפַל ᵑ7‎, Syriac ; compare also Arabic dedit praedam (Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 725} Frä^153f.), Minaean נפל‎ remove Hom^{Sudar. Chrest. 128}); —

Qal₃₆₆ Perfect ׳נ‎ Judges 5:27 +, 3 feminine singular נָָֽפְלָה‎ Genesis 15:12 +, etc.; Imperfect יִמֹּל‎ 1 Samuel 14:45 +, וַיִּמֹּל‎ Judges 4:16 +; 1 singular אֶמֹּל‎ 1 Chronicles 21:13 (needless change from 1 plural נִמְּלָה‎ "" 2 Samuel 24:14 We Dr); 3 masculine plural יִמְּלוּ‎ Hosea 7:16 +, יִמֹּ֑לוּ‎ Isaiah 3:25 +, 3 feminine plural תִּמֹּ֫לְנָה‎ Ezekiel 13:11; 30:25, etc.; Imperative masculine plural נִפְלוּ‎ Hosea 10:8; Jeremiah 25:27; Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל‎ Esther 6:13; construct נְפֹל‎ Isaiah 30:25 +; לִנְמֹּל‎ Jeremiah 51:49 +; suffix נָפְלוֺ‎ 1 Samuel 29:3, נִפְלוֺ‎ 2 Samuel 1:10, נִפְלָם‎ Jeremiah 49:21 (on these forms compare Ba^{NB 104}); Participle נֹפֵל‎ Judges 4:22 +; feminine נֹפֶ֫לֶת‎ Genesis 15:12 +; plural נֹפְלִים‎ Joshua 8:25 + (insert also 1 Samuel 28:19b ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo כֹּרְעִים‎), etc.; —

1 fall, by accident, שָֿׁ֫מָּה׳וְנ‎ Exodus 21:33 (E) and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare Deuteronomy 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ‎, on the way),bird עַלמַּֿח‎ Amos 3:5; subject person, 1 Samuel 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל‎), Deuteronomy 22:8 (twice in verse) (from roof, מִן‎); often into (ב‎) pit (usually figurative) Proverbs 26:27; 28:10, also (absolute), 22:14, Ecclesiastes 10:8; Psalm 7:16; 57:7 (בְּתוֺךְ‎), compare 35:8; 141:10 (net), also, with אֶל‎, Isaiah 24:18 = Jeremiah 48:44; fall יַמִּים בְּלֵב‎ Ezekiel 25:27; opposed to קוּם‎ 8:4 compare Ecclesiastes 4:10 (twice in verse); with אָחוֺר‎ fall backward Genesis 49:17 (poem); with בְּעַד‎ through 2 Kings 1:2 compare (of locusts) Joel 2:8; ׳נ עַלחֶֿרֶב‎ causing death 1 Samuel 31:4-5, = 1 Chronicles 10:4-5, ׳נ אַ֫רְצָה עַלמָּֿנָיו‎ 1 Samuel 17:49 (Goliath); subject thing, 2 Kings 2:13-14, (מֵעַל‎), 6:5 (אֶלֿ‎ into water), 6:6 (absolute); with עַל‎ Leviticus 11:32, 35, 37, 38, אֶלֿ‎ 11:33; absolute of tent Judges 7:13 + 7:13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall Joshua 6:5 (JE), Jeremiah 51:44, figurative Ezekiel 13:11 (strike out ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ Sm Co Berthol), 13:12; 13:14, לְאֶרֶץ‎ 38:20; + תַּחְתֶּיהָ‎ i.e. flat Joshua 6:20; ׳נ‎ of bricks Isaiah 9:9 (in figurative), מֶּרֶץ‎ 30:13; towes 30:25, foundations Jeremiah 50:15; wall fell upon (על‎) 1 Kings 20:30, so of house Judges 16:30; Job 1:19, mountains Hosea 10:8; mountain also absolute Job 14:18 (compare נָבֵל‎), height Ezekiel 38:20; tree Ecclesiastes 11:3 (twice in verse) (ב‎ location), compare Isaiah 10:34 (בְ‎ instrumental, in figure), Zechariah 11:2 (absolute); branches Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative); a grain Amos 9:9 (אֶרֶץ‎ = to earth); of dew 2 Samuel 17:12 (with על‎), hailstones Ezekiel 13:11; blood (אַ֫רְצָה‎) 1 Samuel 26:20; hair of head (ארצה‎) 14:45; 2 Samuel 14:11; 1 Kings 1:52; horns of altar Amos 3:14 (לָאָרֶץ‎); peg Isaiah 22:25; fruit עַלמֶּֿה‎ Nahum 3:12; crown Lamentations 5:16; arm from (מִן‎) shoulder Job 31:22; of sword (apparently) 2 Samuel 20:8 (but on text see Commentaries); fire from heaven, absolute 1 Kings 18:38 with מִן‎ Job 1:16 ; hand of ׳י‎ Ezekiel 8:1 (with עַלֿ‎; but read ᵐ5 וַתְּהִי‎ Co Berthol); spirit of ׳י‎ 11:5 (עַלֿ‎); of lot (גּוֺרָל‎) 24:6; Jonah 1:7 (both with עַל‎), 1 Chronicles 26:14 (with לְ‎; "" יָצָא‎), + Esther 3:7 ᵐ5‎ Ry Wild (עַל‎); compare Hiph`il 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ‎) Judges 18:1 (ב‎ = as: בְּ‎ 17c; so Numbers 34:2; Ezekiel 47:14), Psalm 16:6, absolute Joshua 17:5. — On Ezekiel 47:22b see Hiph`il 3.

2. a. Especially of violent death (c. 96 t.), Judges 5:27 (3 t. in verse) (+ שָׁדוּד‎), 1 Samuel 4:10; 14:13; 2 Samuel 11:17; 21:9; 1 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 18:9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת‎, etc.; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2:23 (twice in verse); ׳נ חָלָל‎ fall pierced (fatally) Judges 9:40; 1 Samuel 17:52; 31:1 = 1 Chronicles 10:1 +; חֶרֶב חַלְלֵי‎ Ezekiel 35:8; compare חֲלָלִים בְּתוֺח‎ 32:20; ׳נ הֲרוּגִים תַּחַת‎ Isaiah 10:4; ׳נ מְּגָרִים‎ corpses fall Jeremiah 9:21; Numbers 14:29 (P), 14:32 (JE); by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב‎ Amos 7:17; Hosea 7:16; 14:1; Isaiah 3:25; 2 Samuel 1:12; Ezekiel 5:12; 6:11; Numbers 14:3, 43 (JE), (+ בַּדֶּבֶר בָּרָעָב,‎), etc.; ׳נ חֶרֶב לְפִי‎ Joshua 8:24 (JE), Judges 4:16 ; בְּיַד‎ by the hand of 2 Samuel 21:22; 24:14 (twice in verse) = 1 Chronicles 21:13 (twice in verse), 5:10; 20:8 ; ׳נ רגליִ תַּחַת‎ fall under my feet 2 Samuel 22:39 = Psalm 18:39.

b. figurative = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 t.); Amos 5:2; 8:14 +; often "" כָּשַׁל‎ Isaiah 3:8; 8:15 (+ other words), 31:3; Jeremiah 8:12; 46:12; 50:32; Psalm 27:2; Proverbs 24:17; "" כָּרַע‎ Psalm 20:9; figurative of earth Isaiah 24:20 (opposed to קוּם‎), Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי‎) Mordecai Esther 6:13 (twice in verse); compare Isaiah 14:12 (absolute); peculiar to Prov are ׳נ בְּרִשְׁעָה‎ Proverbs 11:5, בְּרַע‎ 13:17, בְּרָעָה‎ 17:20; 28:14.

c. figurative = experience calamity Micah 7:8 (opposed to קוּם‎), Psalm 37:34; 145:14; Proverbs 24:16.

d. fall, of a city Jeremiah 51:8 ("" וַתִּשָּׁבֵר‎).

3. a. Fall prostrate, Judges 19:26-27, + אַ֫רְצָה‎ Job 1:20; fall at full length (in a faint) קוֺמָתוֺ מְלֹאֿ וַיִּמֹּל‎ 1 Samuel 28:20; sink down Numbers 24:4, 16 (J E; supernatural influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ezekiel 30:25 (opposed to חָזַק‎).

b. fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי‎) man Genesis 50:18 (E), 2 Samuel 19:19; Genesis 44:14 (J; + אַ֫רְצָה‎); before ׳י‎2 Chronicles 20:18; ׳נ אַ֫רְצָה אֶלמָּֿנָיו‎ before ׳י‎ or his representative Joshua 5:14; 7:6 (both J E); also (ארצה‎ omitted) Ezekiel 43:3; 44:4; before man 2 Samuel 14:22; more often ׳נ עַלמָּֿנָיו‎, before man 9:6; 1 Kings 18:7, 39; Ruth 2:10, before ׳י‎ Genesis 17:3, 17 6t. P, Ezekiel 3:23; 9:8; 11:13; 1 Chronicles 21:16; Daniel 8:17; + אַ֫רְפָה‎, before man 2 Samuel 14:4, before ׳י‎ Judges 13:20; אַ֫רְצָה לְאַמָּיו‎ 1 Samuel 20:41, עַלמָּֿנֶיהָ דָוִד לְאַמֵּי‎ 25:23, ׳נ ארצה‎ 2 Samuel 1:2 (all before man); ׳נ עַלרַֿגְלָיו‎ fall at one's feet 1 Samuel 25:24; 2 Kings 4:37, ר ׳לִפְנֵי‎ Esther 8:3. See synonym below קדד‎.

c. fall upon (עַל‎) one's neck, in embrace Genesis 33:4; 46:29 (both J), 45:14 (E), אָבִיו עַלמְּֿנֵי‎ 50:1 (J).

4. a. Fall upon (עַל‎) = attack Jeremiah 48:32 (figurative), compare Isaiah 16:9; with בְּ‎ Joshua 11:7 (D), absolute Job 1:15; ׳נ אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ אִישׁ‎ Jeremiah 46:16.

b. desert or fall away to, go over to, with עַלֿ‎ 2 Kings 25:11 (twice in verse) = Jeremiah 52:15 (twice in verse), 21:9; 37:14; 39:9; 1 Chronicles 12:20; 12:21 (twice in verse) (van d. H. v.12:19; v.12:20; v.12:20), 2 Chronicles 15:9, with אֶלֿ‎ 2 Kings 7:4; Jeremiah 37:13; 38:19, absolute 1 Samuel 29:3; Jeremiah 39:9.

c. ׳נ בְּיַד‎ fall into the hand (power) of Judges 15:18; Lamentations 1:7: — compare also 2. a. above

5 Figurative, of deep sleep, with עַל‎ Genesis 15:12 (J), 1 Samuel 26:12; Job 4:13; 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure) Genesis 4:5-6, (J); ׳נ עָלָיו אָדָם לֵב‎ 1 Samuel 17:32 (of sinking heart); בְעֵינֵיהֶם וַיִּמְּלוּ‎) Nehemiah 6:16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (compare BeRy, Ryle); of calamity followed by עַלֿ‎ Isaiah 47:11; Ecclesiastes 9:12; terror, etc., followed by עַלֿ‎ Genesis 15:12 (J), Joshua 2:9 (JE), Exodus 15:16 (song), 1 Samuel 11:7; Job 13:11; Psalm 55:5; 105:38; Esther 8:17; 9:2-3, Daniel 10:7; reproach, followed by עַלֿ‎ Psalm 69:10; = fail to be accomplished Joshua 21:43; 23:14 (twice in verse) (all D), 1 Kings 8:56; 2 Kings 10:10 (+ אַ֫רְצָה‎); = not to be reckoned Numbers 6:12 (P); of word (דָּבָר‎) falling into (ב‎) Israel Isaiah 9:7; = fall out, turn out, result Ruth 3:18 (subject דָּבָר‎).

6 Other idiomatic uses are: ׳נ לְמִשְׁכָּב‎ take to one's bed Exodus 21:18 (E); settle Genesis 25:18 (J); = alight quickly, הַגָּמָל מֵעַל‎ 24:64 (J), הַמֶּרְכָּבָה מֵעַל‎ 2 Kings 5:21; waste away Numbers 5:21-22, 27; = be born Isaiah 26:18 (compare

Hiph`il Isaiah 26:19); = be offered, of supplication (י ׳לִפְנֵי‎) Jeremiah 36:7; 37:20; 42:2 (compare Hiph`il 6); with מִן‎ = be inferior to Job 12:3; 13:2.

7 = lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב‎ location) Judges 9:12; = lie prostrate, 1 Samuel 19:24; usually participle Joshua 7:10 (J E; עַלמָּֿנֶיךָ‎), 1 Samuel 5:3-4, (לְפָנָיו‎), Amos 9:11, עַלהַֿמִּטָּה‎ Esther 7:8; of the dead 1 Samuel 31:8 = 1 Chronicles 10:8; Deuteronomy 21:1; Ezekiel 32:27 (Co conjecture נְפִילִים‎ [compare Genesis 6:4], see also Berthol Toy^Hpt); מֵת אַ֫רְצָה נֹפֵל‎ Judges 3:25; compare 4:22 (omit ארצה‎); נ ׳מְּגָרִים אַ֫רְצָה‎2 Chronicles 20:24; compare also Ezekiel 32:22-23, 24 (strike out in 32:22 Hi Co Berthol, in 32:23 Toy^Hpt).

Hiph`il Perfect הִמִּיל‎ 1 Samuel 3:19 +; 2 masculine singular suffix הִמַּלְתָּם‎ Psalm 73:18; 3plural הִמִּילוּ‎ Judges 2:19 +; 1 plural הִמַּלְנוּ‎ Nehemiah 10:35, etc.; Imperfect יַמִּיל‎ Exodus 21:27, וַיַּמֵּל‎ Genesis 2:21 +, suffix יַמִּלֵם‎ Psalm 140:11; 3masculine plural יַמִּילוּ‎ 2 Kings 3:25; Psalm 22:19, יַמִּיל֑וּן‎ Job 29:24, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הַמִּלֶהָ‎ Joshua 13:6; masculine plural הַמִּילוּ‎ 1 Samuel 14:42; Infinitive construct לְהַמִּיל‎ 18:25 +; לַנְמִּל‎ Numbers 5:22 read לִנְמֹּל‎ (Di Ol^{§ 78 c} Sta^{§ 114 a, 2} Kö^{i. 309} Ges^{§ 66}, 2 R 1); Participle מַמִּיל‎ 2 Kings 6:5 2t., plural מַמִּילִים‎ Daniel 9:18; —

1 cause to fall, with accusative, literally:

a. fell tree 2 Kings 3:19, 25; compare 6:5.

b. throw down wall 2 Samuel 20:15.

c. knock out tooth Exodus 21:27 (E).

d. lay prostrate Deuteronomy 25:2 (for bastinado).

e. cast (cedar pillars) into (עַלֿ‎) fire Jeremiah 22:7; so (with ב‎), wicked men Psalm 140:11.

f. make sword drop from (מִן‎) hand Ezekiel 30:22 (figurative), compare 39:3.

g. cause stone to fall עַל‎ Numbers 35:23, flesh Psalm 78:28 (בְּקֶרֶב‎), stars Daniel 8:10 (in vision).

2 Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב‎ 2 Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7; Jeremiah 19:7; Ezekiel 32:12 (all ׳י‎ subject), 2 Chronicles 32:21 (human subject); בְּיַד‎ 1 Samuel 18:25; + חֲלָלִים‎ Ezekiel 6:4; Proverbs 7:26; also Psalm 106:26; Daniel 11:12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, Psalm 37:14; 73:18 (with ל‎), 106:27.

3 Especially of casting lot (גּוֺרָל‎), Isaiah 34:17 (with לְ‎ for), Nehemiah 10:35 (with עַל‎ + infinitive), 11:1 (c. infinitive), 1 Chronicles 26:14 (with לְ‎; so read Kit^Hpt compare ᵑ9 ᵐ5‎ Be Öttli), Psalm 22:19 (with עַל‎), Esther 9:24 (c. infinitive); absolute Jonah 1:7 (twice in verse); 1 Chronicles 24:31; 25:8; 26:13; Esther 3:7; + בְּתוֺכֵנוּ‎ Proverbs 1:14 (i.e. share with us); omitted גּוֺרָל‎ 1 Samuel 14:32 (with בֵּין‎), Job 6:27 (with עַל‎); hence ׳הִמּ‎ = assign, apportion, by lot, usually with לְ‎ person, Joshua 13:6; 23:4 (both D), Ezekiel 45:1; 47:22 a = 47:22 b (read ᵑ7 ᵑ9 יַמִּילוּ‎ Hi-Sm Co Berthol), 48:29 (read בְנַחֲלָה‎ for ᵑ9 ᵐ5 ׳מנ‎ Hi-Sm, etc.), Psalm 78:55 (compare Qal 1 end; and בְּ‎ 17c).

4 Figurative, let drop, cause to fail (cf Qal 5), Judges 2:19; Esther 6:10, + אַ֫רְצָה‎ 1 Samuel 3:19.

5 Cause deep sleep to fall (עַלֿ‎) Genesis 2:21 (J), Proverbs 19:15 (absolute), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב‎), Jeremiah 3:12, compare Job 29:24 (object מָּנַי אוֺר‎); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַלֿ‎) Jeremiah 15:8.

6 Other idioms are: bring to life (properly drop young) Isaiah 26:19 (figurative); present supplication Jeremiah 38:26; 42:9; Daniel 9:18, 20 (all with לִפְנֵי‎); — on both compare Qal 6.

Hithpa`el throw, or prostrate oneself,

1 Infinitive construct הִתְנַמֵּל‎ throw himself upon (על‎) Genesis 43:18 (J; i.e. attack).

2 Perfect1singular הִתְנַמָּ֑לְתִּי‎ Deuteronomy 9:25; Imperfect1singular וָאֶתְנַמַּל‎ 9:18, 25; Participle מִתְנַמֵּל‎ Ezra 10:1; — prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, י ׳לִפְנֵי‎. —

Pil`el. וְנִפְלַל‎ Ezekiel 28:23, read וְנָפַל‎ Hi-Sm Co Berthol.

נְפַל‎ verb fall (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳נ‎ Daniel 2:46; נְפַ֑ל‎ 4:28; 3masculine plural נְפַ֫לוּ‎ 3:23 + 7:20 Kt (Qr 3 feminine plural נְפַ֫לָה‎, K^{§ 23, 2}); Imperfect3masculine singular יִמֵּל‎ (K^{§ 42}) 3:6 +; 2 masculine plural תִּמְּלוּן‎ 3:5, 15; Participle plural נָֽפְלִין‎ 3:7 —

1 fall, עַלאַֿנְמּוֺהִי‎ Daniel 2:46; fall down and do homage 3:5-6, 7, 10, 11, 15; ל‎ location 3:23; of voice, מִןשְֿׁמַיָּא‎ 4:28.

2 fall by violence Daniel 7:20 (with קֳדָם‎).

3 לָךְ יִמֵּל‎ Ezra 7:20 it shall fall to thee (thou shalt need) to give (compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic, Schulth^{Lex. 126 and ZAW xxii (1902), 163}).