2022. har
Lexical Summary
har: mountain, hill, hill country
Original Word: הַר
Transliteration: har
Phonetic Spelling: (har)
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Short Definition: mountain, hill, hill country
Meaning: mountain, hill, hill country
Strong's Concordance
hill country, mountain, promotion

A shortened form of harar; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively) -- hill (country), mount(-ain), X promotion.

see HEBREW harar

Brown-Driver-Briggs

H2022. har

[הוֺר‎], assumed by Thes and others as ancient form for הַרmountain, to explain הוֺרַיGenesis 49:26, read הוֺרֵיעָֿד‎; but better הַרֲרֵיעַֿדeverlasting mountains, see הַר‎ below הרר‎.

הַר558 noun masculineGenesis 7:19 mountain, hill, hill-country (Late Hebrew id., plural הֲרָרִים הָרִים,‎; Phoenician הר‎ CISi. 3, 17; Sabean suffix הרתהמו‎ DHMZMG 1876, 673); — ׳ה‎ absolute Joshua 17:18 +; with article הָהָרExodus 3:12 +; with ָ ה‎ locative הֶ֫רָהGenesis 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה12:8 12t.; construct הַר10:30 +; suffix הַרֲרִיPsalm 30:8, הֲרָרִיJeremiah 17:3; הַרְכֶםPsalm 11:1; הַרֲרָםGenesis 14:6; plural הָרִיםDeuteronomy 11:11 +; with article הֶהָרִיםGenesis 7:19 +; construct הָרֵי8:4 27t.; הַרֲרֵיDeuteronomy 33:15 8t. (all poetry); suffix הָרַיIsaiah 14:25; 49:11; Zechariah 14:5 + Ezekiel 38:21 (B Co חרדה‎), הָרָ֑יIsaiah 65:9; הָרָיוEzekiel 35:8; Malachi 1:3; הֲרָרֶיהָDeuteronomy 8:9; —

1 mountain, hill (these often not sharply distinguished, but):

a. specifically mountain, high elevation, often in all the literature; — e. g. סִינַי הַרMount Sinai (properly, the Mount of Sinai; so always) Exodus 19:11, 18, 20, 23; 24:16; 31:18; 34:2, 4, 29, 32; Leviticus 7:38; 25:1; 26:46; 27:34; Numbers 3:1; 28:6; Nehemiah 9:13 (see סִינַי‎); also הָהָר‎ = id., Exodus 19:2 10t. Exodus 19 (19:18 read הָעָם‎, so Manuscripts ᵐ5‎ Di) 20:18; 24:4 6t. Exodus 24; 25:40; 26:30; 27:8; 32:1, 15, 19; 34:2-3,(twice in verse); 34:29; = חוֺרֵב הֵר33:6 (see חֹרֵב‎), also חֹרֵ֑בָה הָאֱלֹהִים אֶלהַֿר3:1, חֹרֵב הָאֱלֹהִים הַר עַד1 Kings 19:8; further הָהָר‎ = id., Deuteronomy 4:11 (twice in verse); 5:4-5, 19, 20; 9:9-10t. Deuteronomy 9.. 10, 1 Kings 19:11; = הָאֱלֹהִים הַרExodus 4:27; 18:5; 24:13 (all J E) = יחוה הַרNumbers 10:33 (compare Di); see further הָהָר הֹרHor the mount (so always) 20:22 10t. Numbers; Deuteronomy 32:50; = חָחָרNumbers 20:28 (twice in verse); נְבוֺ הַרDeuteronomy 32:49; 34:1 = הָהָר32:50; = הַזֶּה הָעֲבָרִים הַרNumbers 27:12; Deuteronomy 32:49, compare (נְבוֺ לִפְנֵי‎) הָעֲבָרִים הָרֵיNumbers 33:47-48, גְּרִזִּים הַרMt. Gerizim Deuteronomy 11:29; 27:12; Joshua 8:33; הַרגְּֿרִזִּים ראֹשׁJudges 9:7; עֵֹיבָ֑ל הַרMt. Ebal Deuteronomy 11:29; 27:4; 24:13; Joshua 8:30, 33; also חֶרְמוֺן הַרMt. Hermon Deuteronomy 3:8; Joshua 11:17; 12:1, 5; 13:5, 11; 1 Chronicles 5:23; compare Deuteronomy 4:48 חֶרְמוֺן הוּא שִׂיאֹן הַר‎ (see חֶרְמוֺן‎), & חֶרְמוֺן בַּעַל הַר‎ (see id., & חרמון בעל‎ below בעל‎); חַלְּבָנוֺן הַרMt. Lebanon Judges 3:3, compare לְבָנוֺן יַרְכְּתֵי הָרִים מְרוֺם2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24 (see לבנון‎); הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל הַרMt. Carmel 1 Kings 18:19-20, 2 Kings 2:25; 4:25 (see כרמל‎); הָהָר‎ = id., 4:27, apparently also 1:9; תָּבוֺר הַרMt. Tabor, Judges 4:6, 12, 14, compare Jeremiah 46:18 בֶּהָרִים תָּבוֺר‎ (opposed to בַּיָּם כַּרְמֶל‎); הַגִּלְבֹּעַ הַר1 Samuel 31:1, 8; 2 Samuel 1:6, also (poetry) בַּגּ ׳הָרֵי1:21 (compare Dr); הַרחֶֿרֶסJudges 1:35 (Stu חֶרֶס עָר‎) compare חֶרֶס‎; הַזֵּיתִים הַרZechariah 14:4 (twice in verse) Mount of Olives, (opposed to גֵּיא‎) compare לָעִיר מִקֶּדֶם אֲשֶׁר הָהָרEzekiel 11:23; also יְרוּשָׁלַםִ עַלמְּֿנֵי אֲשֶׁר בָּהָר1 Kings 11:7 (place of Solomon's idolatry) = הַרהַֿמַּשְׁחִית2 Kings 23:13 mountain of the destroyer (same combination in another, figurative sense Jeremiah 51:25), others derive ׳הַמ‎ here from משׁחanoint, and render as = Mt. of Olives (cited as המשׁחה הר‎ Talmud, Shabb. 56 b), compare HoffmZAW 1882, 175; הֶהָרִים אַחַד‎ in land of Moriah Genesis 22:2; mountains about Jerusalem in General, לָהּ סָבִיב הָרִים יְרוּשָׁלַםִPsalm 125:2; compare also 121:1 ("" יהוה‎); הָהָר‎ of citadel of Jerusalem Isaiah 22:5; of temple hill הַבַּיִת הַרMicah 3:12 = Jeremiah 26:18; בֵּיתיֿ ׳הַרIsaiah 2:2 = Micah 4:1; 2 Chronicles 33:15; also בַּשָּׂדֶה הֲרָרִיJeremiah 17:3; further צִיּוֺן הַרMt. Zion Isaiah 4:5; 8:18; 10:12; 18:7; 24:23; 29:8; 31:4; 37:32; Micah 4:7; Lamentations 5:18; Obadiah 17.. Joel 3:5; Psalm 48:3; 48:12; 74:2; 78:68; 125:1 (see also צִיּוֺן‎); compare בַּ֯יתצִֿיּוֺן הַרIsaiah 10:32, צ בַּת ׳הַר16:1; ׳הַריֿ2:3 = Micah 4:2; Isaiah 30:29; Psalm 24:3; (id. of Horeb Numbers 10:33 J E); הַקֹּדֶשׁ הַר ׳הַריֿ צְבָאוֺתZechariah 8:3, הַרקָֿדְשִׁיZephaniah 3:11; Obadiah 16; Ezekiel 20:40; Isaiah 11:9 = 65:25, compare 56:7; 57:13; 65:11; Joel 2:1 ("" צִיּוֺן‎) Joel 4:17 ("" id.) Psalm 2:6 ("" id.) 3:5; 15:1; 43:3; 48:2; see further יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הַרקָֿדְשִׁיIsaiah 66:20 compare Daniel 9:16 & יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הַקֹּדֶשׁ הַרIsaiah 27:13; also צְבִיקֹֿדֶשׁ הַרDaniel 11:45; הַרהַֿקֹּדֶשׁJeremiah 31:23; even אֱלֹהַי קֹדֶשׁ הַרDaniel 9:20; other designations of temple-hill are ׳א לְשִׁבְתּוֺ חָמַד הָהָרPsalm 68:17, & יִשְׂרָאֵל מְרוֺם הַרEzekiel 17:23; 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎); אֱלֹהִים קֹדֶשׁ הַר28:14 of the distant abode of God (or gods?) so אֱלֹהִים הַר28:16 (הַראֱֿלֹהִיםPsalm 68:16 is General, a God's mountain, i.e. a majestic mountain, likewise in simile מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ כְּהַרֲרֵיאֵֿל36:7); — הָאֱלֹהִים הַר‎ elsewhere of Horeb (Sinai) Exodus 4:27; 18:5; 24:13; 1 Kings 19:8 (see above). Note particular הַרמֿוֺעֵדIsaiah 14:13 mountain of meeting or of assembly, i.e. the dwelling-place of the gods, according to Babylonian conception, here represented as in the far north, see especially Che De Di, DlPa 117 ff. COTon the passage Jr57ff. JenKosmologie 23. Upon the mountain is עָלהָֿהָר‎ compare עַלהֶֿהָרִים עַלבְּֿתוּלָיהָ וַתֵּבְךְּJudges 11:38, & the peculiar phrase הֶהָרִים עַלֿ וְיָרַדְתִּי וְאֵלְכָה11:37; go up upon אָלֿ עָלָהExodus 19:23; 24:13; 34:4 (all J E); compare accusative in הָהָר הֹר אֹתָם הַעַלNumbers 20:25; speak with one upon is בהר דברExodus 31:18; 34:32; Numbers 3:1 (all P), Leviticus 25:1 (H), compare command, give commands, law, etc., בהר7:38; 26:46; 27:34 (all P or H); other phrases with בְּupon (literally in, i.e. in the midst of a group of mountains) Exodus 34:3 בְּכָל‎ (JE) 25:40; 26:30; 27:8; Numbers 28:6 (all P), Isaiah 13:4; but בְּחֹרֵבPsalm 106:19 = at Horeb, הָהָר בְּהֹרNumbers 33:37 at Mt. Hor; go down from the mountain is מִןהָֿהָר יָרַדExodus 32:1, 15 (both J E) 34:29 (twice in verse) (both P), compare Judges 9:36 etc.

b. mountain-range הַרבָּֿשָׁןPsalm 68:16 (twice in verse) = הַראֱֿלֹהִים68:16; = הַרגַּֿבְנֻנִּים68:16, גַּבְנֻנִּים הָרִים68:17 (of the Jebel Hauran: see בשׁן‎).

c. mountain, indefinite, Job 14:18 ("" צוּר‎); usually plural mountains, in General, or the mountains, especially in poetry & the higher style; often figurative; הֶהָרִים הָרִים,‎, covered by flood Genesis 7:20 compare 7:19; 8:5; covered by waters & freed therefrom by word of God (at creation) Psalm 104:6; a chief work of God (in creation) Amos 4:13; Psalm 65:7; 90:2; Proverbs 8:25 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); weighed by God Isaiah 40:12; removed and overturned in anger of God Job 9:5 compare Psalm 46:3; 46:4; devastated by God Isaiah 42:15 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Jeremiah 9:9; smoking at God's touch Psalm 104:32; 144:5; melting at presence of ׳יJudges 5:5; Micah 1:4; Psalm 97:5; Isaiah 63:19; 64:2; trembling 5:25 compare Jeremiah 4:24 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎), Nahum 1:5 ("" id.), Habakkuk 3:10; called to witness Yahweh's dealings with his people Micah 6:2 ("" אָ֑רֶץ מֹסְדֵי הָאֵתָנִים‎) compare 6:1 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎), entreated to cover the guilty Hosea 10:8 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); addressed by ׳י‎ also Ezekiel 6:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎, opposed to גֵּאָוֺת אֲפִיקִים,‎); specifically, mountains of Israel summoned to hear ׳י‎ and addressed by him 36:1 (twice in verse); 36:4, 8; 37:22; 38:8; 39:2, 4; summoned to praise ׳יPsalm 148:9 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Isaiah 44:23; 49:13; 55:12 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); leaping in praise of ׳יPsalm 114:4; 114:6 (both "" גְּבָעוֺת‎); הַרֲרֵיקֶֿדֶםDeuteronomy 33:15 ("" עוֺלָם גִּבְעוֺת‎); הַרֲרֵיעַֿדHabakkuk 3:6 ("" id.); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד‎ also Psalm 76:5 (according to ᵐ5‎ Bi Che; ᵑ0‎ has טֶרֶף‎ for עַד‎), and probably Genesis 49:26 for עַד הוֺרַי ᵑ0‎ ("" עוֺלָם גִּבְעֹת‎) compare Di.

d. high mountain גָּבֹהַּ הַרIsaiah 30:25 ("" נִשָּׂאָה גִּבְעָה‎) compare 40:9; 52:7; מְאֹד גָּכֹהַּ הַרEzekiel 40:2; וְתָלוּל גָּבֹהַּ הַר17:22; plural הַגְּבֹהִים הֶהָרִיםGenesis 7:19; Psalm 104:18 ("" סְלָעִים‎), ׳הֶה הָרָמִיםIsaiah 2:14 as symbol of strength and pride ("" הַנִּשָּׂאוֺת הַגְּבָעוֺת‎), compare הֶהָרִיםEzekiel 38:20 ("" חוֺמָה מַדְרֵגוֺת,‎).

e. opposite valley or plain Joshua 12:8 (D; opposed to שְׁפֵלָה עֲרָבָה, אֲשֵׁדוֺת, מִדְּבָּר,‎), compare Deuteronomy 1:7, also Jeremiah 17:26 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה‎); Genesis 19:17 (J; opposed to כִּכָּר‎); often opposed to גַּיְא2 Kings 2:16; Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative) 32:5 (id.) 35:8 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), 36:4 ("" id.), Isaiah 40:4 ("" id.), opposed to בִּקְעָהDeuteronomy 8:7; 11:11; Psalm 104:8; opposed to מִדְבָּרLamentations 4:19 (compare Joshua 12:8 above); הָרִים בֵּיןPsalm 104:10 is "" בַּנְּחָלִים‎; see also י הָרִים ׳אֱלֹהֵי עֲמָקִים וְלֹאאֱֿלֹהֵי1 Kings 20:28, compare 20:23 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר‎); note also הָעֵמֶק הַרJoshua 13:19 (P), & גֵּיהָֿרִים גֵּיאהָֿרַי,Zechariah 14:5 (twice in verse); further הָרִים מִדְבַּרPsalm 75:7 mountainous desert Vrss. & most modern (Baer מִדְבָּר‎ but compare De); mountain-ward is הֶ֫רָהGenesis 14:10.

f. mountains as hiding-places: — בֶּהָרִים אֲוֶר הַמִּנְהָרוֺתJudges 6:2 the burrows (Stanley, VB) which are in the mountains; compare Psalm 11:1; Jeremiah 16:16 ("" גִּבְעָה‎); הָרִים מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ הָפַךְJob 28:9 (of mining), see also Deuteronomy 8:9.

g. mountains as running-place of gazelles 1 Chronicles 12:8; of leopards נְמֵרִים הַרֲרֵיSong of Solomon 4:8; hunting-ground for partridges 1 Samuel 26:20; הָרִים עוֺףPsalm 50:11; compare 11:1 (figurative); wandering-place of lost sheep (figurative) Nahum 3:18; 1 Kings 22:17; Jeremiah 50:6 compare 50:6 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), Ezekiel 34:6 ("" רָמָה כָּלגִּֿבְעָה‎) 2 Chronicles 18:16.

h. grazing-places for cattle בְּהַרֲרֵיאָֿ֑לֶף בְּהֵמוֺתPsalm 50:10 (read אֵל‎ for אלף‎ Ol Bi Che), compare הָרִים יְתוּרJob 39:8 of pasture of wild ass; also (si vera lectio) הָרִים בּוּל40:20, i.e. mountains as furnishing food for hippopotamus; see further Song of Solomon 4:6; 8:14; Proverbs 27:25.

i. as place of field and vineyards2 Chronicles 26:10 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר שְׁפֵלָה,‎) Isaiah 7:25; see also חָצִיר הָרִים הַמַּצְמִיחַPsalm 147:8 compare Haggai 1:11; figurative Psalm 72:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); in promise חָלָב תֵּלַכְנָה וְהַגְּבָעוֺת עָסִיס הֶהָרִים יִטְּפוּ‎ Joel 4:18 compare Amos 9:13;

j. as kindled into flame (i.e. their forests; in simile) Psalm 83:15.

k. as scene of massacre, (figurative) Isaiah 34:3 melting with blood; as place of battle array, height 1 Samuel 17:3 (twice in verse).

1 as places of illicit worship Isaiah 65:7 ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎) compare Jeremiah 3:6 & apparently 3:25 ("" id.) so וְנִשָּׂא הַרגָּֿבֹהַּIsaiah 57:7, הָרָמִים הֶהָרִיםDeuteronomy 12:2 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎); but Ezekiel 18:6, 15 read perhaps הַדָּם‎ for הרים‎ compare RSK 310 & 33:25. masculine in various combinations הָהָר צַד1 Samuel 23:26 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 13:34 side of the mountain, הָהָר צֵלַע16:13 id.; הָרִים מֹץIsaiah 17:13 chaff of mountains; הָרִים זֶרֶםJob 24:8 mountain-shower; הֶהָרִים צֵלJudges 9:36 shadow of the mountains; נְחשֶׁת הָרֵי וְהֶהָרִים הָרִים שְׁנֵי מִבֵּיןZechariah 6:1; top of mountain usually הָהָר ראֹשׁNumbers 14:40, 44; 1 Samuel 26:13; 2 Kings 1:9; as place for beacon Isaiah 30:17 ("" גִּבְעָה‎), (compare הַרנִֿשְׁמֶּה13:2 & הָרִים נְשׂאֹנֵֿס18:3), הֶהָרִים ראֹשׁ2:2 = Micah 4:1, הָרִים ראֹשׁIsaiah 42:11 ("" סֶלַע‎ as dwelling-place) see also Psalm 72:16; הֶהָרִים רָאשֵׁיGenesis 8:5; as lurking-places for ambuscade Judges 9:25, 36, placesfor altars Ezekiel 6:13 ("" רָמָה גִּבְעָה‎), for sacrifice Hosea 4:13 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת‎); הָהָר ראֹשׁJoshua 15:8 = mountain-ridge, compare 15:9; Judges 16:3; הָרִים תּוֺעֲפוֺתPsalm 95:4; foundations of mountains הָרִים מוֺסְדֵיDeuteronomy 32:22; Psalm 18:8 ("" הַשָּׁמַיִם מוֺסְדוֺת2 Samuel 22:8); compare יָרַדְתִּי הָרִים לְקִצְבֵיJonah 2:7.

noun in figure uses: תָּשִׂים כַּמֹּץ וּגְבָעוֺת וְתָדֹק הָרִים תָּדוּשׁIsaiah 41:15 figurative of Israel's overcoming its foes; נָ֑שֶׁף עַלהָֿרֵי רַגְלֵיכֶם יִתְנַגְּפוּJeremiah 13:16 of encountering hopeless calamities; הֶהָרִיםIsaiah 54:10 as less permanent & changeless than Yahweh's kindness ("" גְּבָעוֺת‎); הַמַּשְׁחִית הַרJeremiah 51:25 & שְׂרֵפָה הַר51:25 figurative of Babylon.

2 hill-country, mountain-region,

a. opposed to plain, etc.: — dwelling-place of Canaanites, הָהָרNumbers 13:17, 29 (of promised land; opposed to הַיָּם הַנֶּגֶב, אֶרֶץ‎ & יַדהַֿיַּרְדֵּן‎); הַיָּם וּבְחוֺף וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה בָּהָר בָּֽעֲרָבָהDeuteronomy 1:7; מִיָּם דּוֺר וּבְנָפוֺת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה כִּנְַּרוֺת נֶגֶב וּבָֽעֲרָבָה בָּהָרJoshua 11:2; וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבַמִּדְבָּר וּבָֽאֲשֵׁדוֺת וּבָֽעֲרָבָה וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה בָּהָר12:8; compare 9:1; 10:40; Judges 1:9; הָהָר‎ indefinite (the hill-country, the mountains, in General) 2 Chronicles 2:1 (place for hewing wood) so v.2:17; Nehemiah 8:15 (place for cutting boughs), etc.

b. of a particular mountain-region, hill-country: הָאֱמֹרִי הַרDeuteronomy 1:7 (compare 1:7) 1:19 (compare 1:24), also Joshua 10:6; of Amalekites Judges 12:15; of Ephraim Joshua 17:15; 19:50; 20:7; 21:21; 24:30, 33; Judges 3:27; 4:5; 7:24; 9:48; 17:1 6t. Judges 17; 1 Samuel 1:1; 9:4; 14:22; 2 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 4:8; 12:25; 2 Kings 5:22; 1 Chronicles 6:52; 2 Chronicles 13:4; 15:8; 19:4; Jeremiah 4:15; 31:6; Ephraim and Gilead 50:19 (compare also (ה)הרJoshua 17:16, 18; Judges 3:27); of Israel Joshua 11:16, 21, cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל הָרֵיEzekiel 6:2; 19:9; 33:28; 34:13; 35:12; יִשְׂרָאֵל מְרוֺם הָרֵי17:23; 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי‎) 34:14; הָהָר עָרֵי‎ i.e. in mountain-country Deuteronomy 2:37 (of Ammonites), Jeremiah 32:44; 33:13; hill-country of Judah Joshua 11:21; 15:48; 18:12; 20:7; 21:11; 2 Chronicles 21:11 (יהודה הָרֵי‎) 27:4; abode of Jebusites Joshua 11:3.

הֲרָרֶיהָ הַרֲרִי, הַרֲרָם, הֲרָרִי, הַרֲרִי,‎ see הר‎.








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