2403. chatta'ah
Lexical Summary
chatta'ah: sinful thing, sin
Original Word: חַטָּאָה
Transliteration: chatta'ah
Phonetic Spelling: (khat-taw-aw')
Part of Speech: Noun Feminine
Short Definition: sinful thing, sin
Meaning: an offence, its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, expiation, an offender
Strong's Concordance
punishment of sin, purification for sin, offering

Or chattacth {khat-tawth'}; from chata'; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender -- punishment (of sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).

see HEBREW chata'

Brown-Driver-Briggs

H2403. chatta

'ah חַטָּאתnoun feminine1 Samuel 14:38 (Genesis 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ‎ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ׳ח4:7 124t.; לְחַטָּ֯תNumbers 15:24 (text error for. לחטאת‎), לְחַטַּאתZechariah 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת‎ StaZAW i. 35); construct חַטַּאתExodus 30:10 19t.; suffix חַטָּאתִיGenesis 31:36 16t.; חַטָּאתֹיו֯1 Kings 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶםExodus 32:30 3t.; etc., + 52 t. suffix; plural חַטָּאוֺת2 Kings 12:17 3t.; construct חַטּאֹותPsalm 25:7 17t.; חַטּאֹתNumbers 5:6 6t.; suffix חַטּאֹותָ֑יPsalm 25:18; חַטּאֹתָו֯Ezekiel 18:21; 33:16, etc., + 40 t. suffix; —

1 sin:

a. against man Genesis 31:36; 50:17 (E), Numbers 12:11 (J) 1 Samuel 20:1; ׳ח אדםsins against man Numbers 5:6 (P). Elsewhere

b. against God Leviticus 4:14, 23, 28 (P), 1 Samuel 2:17; 14:38; 1 Kings 16:13 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 21:16; 21:17; 2 Chronicles 33:19; Isaiah 3:9; 30:1; 58:1; 59:2; 59:12; 16:10; Isaiah 16:18; 30:14; 30:15; Isaiah 50:20; Lamentations 4:6, 22; Ezekiel 16:51; 18:14; 21:29; 33:10, 16; Amos 5:12 (We Kl. Proph. reads חטאיכם‎), as Isaiah 1:18 — see חֵטא‎ — on accusative of masculine עצומים‎), Micah 1:13; 3:8; Psalm 32:5; 51:5; 59:4; Proverbs 5:22; 13:6; 14:34; 21:4; 24:9; Job 13:23; Job 14:23; Daniel 9:20 (twice in verse); ׳ח נעוריsins of my youth Psalm 25:7; ח בטני ׳פרי נפשׁיMicah 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination 1 Samuel 15:23; of the mouth Psalm 59:13; ׳ח יאכלו עמיHosea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare We; ᵑ7‎ Hi Or and others sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early prophets, and "" עָוֺן‎ against it, see WeProl. 3. 76); רבץ חטאת לפתחGenesis 4:7 (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Deuteronomy 9:21; and the high places of Beath Aven Hosea 10:8; with בְּon the ground of sin Nehemiah 9:37; for sin Micah 1:5; 2 Kings 24:3; Isaiah 40:2; Jeremiah 15:13; 17:3; Ezekiel 16:52; with or by sin 1 Kings 14:22; 16:2; Isaiah 43:24; בח ׳הלךwalk in sin 1 Kings 15:3, 26, 34; 16:19, 26, 31; 2 Kings 17:22; בח ׳דבקcleave unto sin 3:3; with עַלon account of sin Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 15:30; 16:19; Micah 6:13; for sin Leviticus 4:3, 28, 35; 5:6, 13 (P) 19:22; 26:18, 24, 28 (H); ח על ׳יסףadd unto sin 1 Samuel 12:19; 2 Chronicles 28:13; Isaiah 30:1; Job 34:37; with כְּaccording to sin Leviticus 26:21; with לְto or for sin 16:16, 21; Deuteronomy 19:15; 1 Kings 12:30; 13:34; Proverbs 10:16; Zechariah 13:1; with מִןbecause of sin Leviticus 4:26; 5:6, 10; 16:34 (P), 19:22 (H), Lamentations 4:13; more than sin Job 35:3; מֵחַטָּאתִי טָהַרְתִּיI am clean from my sin Proverbs 20:9; ח ׳מגניbecause of sin Psalm 38:4; ח ׳בגללbecause of sin 1 Kings 14:16; ח ׳אחר הלךwalk after sin 2 Kings 13:2.

c. men should return from sin מִן שׁוּב1 Kings 8:35 2 Chronicles 6:26; Ezekiel 18:21; 33:14; depart from it מֵעַל סוּר2 Kings 10:31; 15:18; מן סוּר13:6, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 24, 28; be concerned about מן דאגPsalm 38:19; confess ח ׳הִתְוַדָּהNumbers 5:7 (P); ה על ׳התודהNehemiah 1:6; 9:2.

d. God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על‎) פקדExodus 32:34 (JE) Hosea 8:13; 9:9; Jeremiah 14:10; inquires after it ל דרשׁJob 10:6; watches over it על שׁמר14:16; hoards it up Hosea 13:12; -2by forgiveness: ה ׳נשׂאExodus 10:17; 32:32 (JE), 1 Samuel 15:25; ח עון ׳נשׂאPsalm 32:5; לח ׳נשׂאJoshua 24:19 (E), Psalm 25:18; pardon לח ׳סלחExodus 34:9 (JE) 1 Kings 8:34, 36; 2 Chronicles 6:25, 27; 7:14; Jeremiah 36:3; removal הסרIsaiah 27:9; העביר2 Samuel 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Micah 7:19; -3by covering over, making atonement for תְּכֻמָּ֑ר חַטָּֽאתְךָIsaiah 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, ח עַל ׳כמּרPsalm 79:9; ח ׳כסּה85:3 (compare חֲטָאָה כְּסוּי32:1); ח ׳לְהָתֵם‎ (Qr) make an end of sins Daniel 9:24; -4by blotting out ח ׳מחהIsaiah 44:22; Jeremiah 18:23; Psalm 109:14; Nehemiah 3:37; cleanse from sin מח ׳טַהֲרֵנִי51:4; לח ׳מקוֺרa fountain for sin Zechariah 13:1; -5by not remembering it ח זכר ׳לאIsaiah 43:25; ׳לח זכר לאJeremiah 31:34; אֶלחַֿטָאתוֺ אַלתֵּֿפֶןDeuteronomy 9:27 look not unto his sin.

e. atonement may be secured for, ח בעד ׳כמּרExodus 32:30 (J E; Moses, by his intercession).

f. according to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (על כמּר‎) by sin-offering or trespass-offering; ׳מחbecause of sin Leviticus 4:26; 5:6, 10; 16:34; ח ׳על4:35; 5:13 (all P), 19:22 (H; see Wecompare, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427), so that the man is clean from sin מח ׳טהר16:30.

2 condition of sin, guilt of sin Genesis 18:20; Numbers 16:26; 32:23 (J), Ezekiel 3:20; 18:24, מִוְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם וּלְקַרְנוֺת ׳ח לִבָּם עַללֿוּחַ חֲרוּשָׁה יְהוּדָהthe sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their hear, and upon the horns of your altars Jeremiah 17:1.

3 punishment for sin: ח תִּהְיֶה ׳זֹאת וח ׳מִצְרָ֑יִם כָלהַֿגּוֺיִםZechariah 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).

4 sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P, Leviticus 7:37; first in the history 2 Kings 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת‎ of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chronicles: 2 Chronicles 29:21, 23, 24 Hezekiah had made a ׳ח‎ of 7 עִזִּים צְפִירֵי‎ at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35; 12׳ח צְפִירֵי‎ were offered; Nehemiah 10:34 ׳ח‎ "" עולות‎; — in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ezekiel and P. — On Hosea 4:8 see

1 above In H, Leviticus 23:19 a עזים שׂעיר‎, for feast of weeks. In Ezekiel ׳ח‎ in General "" other sacrifices, Ezekiel 40:39; 45:17, 25; 46:20; and priests eat them 42:13; 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a עזים שׂעיר‎ was to be offered 43:19, 21, 22, 25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (ᵐ5‎ first day of seventh month) 45:17, 19 (compare 45:18; 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a עזים שׂעיר45:22-23,. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering 44:27. P gives several grades:

a. a ruler should offer a he-goat Leviticus 4:24-25, Numbers 7:16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, 87; an ordinary person a she-goat Leviticus 4:29 (compare 4:28) 5:6; Numbers 15:27, ewe lamb Leviticus 4:32-33, (twice in verse); 4:34; 14:19; Numbers 6:14, 16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Leviticus 5:7-8, 9 (twice in verse); 12:6, 8; 14:22, 31; 15:15, 30; Numbers 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Leviticus 5:11 (twice in verse); 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare 4:22, 35) and a handful of the flour (compare 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place 5:13; 6:10; 6:18 (twice in verse); 6:23 (compare 6:11; 6:19), 7:7; 10:16-17, 19 (twice in verse); 14:13; Numbers 18:9.

b. a bullock was offered for priests Exodus 29:14, 36; Leviticus 4:3, 8, 20; 8:2, 14 (twice in verse); 9:2, 7, 8, 10; for Levites at their installation Numbers 8:8, 12 and for whole congregation Leviticus 4:14, 21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Numbers 15:24-25, especially at dedication of altar Leviticus 9:3, 15, 22. and in ritual of feasts Numbers 28:15, 22, 30; 29:5, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38. Before consecration of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Leviticus 9:9), but subsequently some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (4:3-21; 6:23; 8:16-17, 9:10-11,).

c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Leviticus 16:3, 6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל‎ (see עזאזל‎) 16:5 (compare 16:8; 16:10; 16:20; 16:22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה16:9 (compare 16:8). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת‎ and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat 16:11 (twice in verse); 16:15 (compare 16:12-14; 16:16; 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Exodus 30:10 (compare Leviticus 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp 16:25, 27 (twice in verse). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה4:2, 22, 27; Numbers 15:27, לשׁגגה15:24, minor offences Leviticus 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness 12:6, 8; 14:13; 15:15; Numbers 6:11, 14.) — Pharses for sacrificing are: ח ׳עשׂהLeviticus 9:7, 22; 14:19; Numbers 6:16; Ezekiel 45:17, ח ׳הקריבLeviticus 10:19; Ezekiel 44:27, ח ׳שׁחטLeviticus 14:13; Ezekiel 40:39.

5 purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: ׳מֵ ׳חNumbers 8:7 water of purification from sin; ח נִדָּה ׳מֵי הוּאwater of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin 19:9; הח שְׂרֵפַת ׳עֲפַר19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

חַטָּיָאnoun feminine sin-offering (Biblical Hebrew חַטָּאת

4; Nabataean חטיאתpenalty, according to SAC51); — absolute ׳תEzra 6:17 Kt, Qr הַטָּאָה‎.








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